Objective

This course introduces students to number system, basic gates, MSI circuits, flip-flops and counters, and memory devices used in digital system.

 

Synopsis

 Introduction: Differences of analogue and digital system. Advantages and disadvantages of both systems. Number Systems: Decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal number systems. Conversions between number systems. Binary codes.  Representation of negative numbers. Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra: Basic gates, gate symbols, truth tables and Boolean operations, Universal gates. Boolean algebra. Minterm, maxterm, canonical (standard) SOP and POS and simplified representations of Boolean functions. Conversion of AND-OR circuits to NAND-NAND and OR-AND to NOR-NOR. De Morgan equivalent circuits. Digital Logic Families: Characteristics of digital integrated circuits. Implementation technologies. Combinational Logic Circuit Design:  Simplification of Boolean functions using Karnaugh map technique for 2 to 4 variables. Combinational logic design. MSI Circuits: Multiplexers, multiplexer expansion. Demultiplexer and decoders, decoder expansion. Encoder, priority encoder. BCD-to-7-segment decoder. Implementation of logic functions using multiplexers and decoders. Adders - half-adder, full-adder, ripple adder. Comparators. Flip-flop: Differences between combinational and sequential circuits. SR latch, Gated SR latch, Gated D latch, JK flip-flop, D flip-flop, T flip-flop. Preset and clear functions. Counters and Shift Registers: Synchronous and asynchronous counters - ripple counter, design of a synchronous counter using D flip-flops. Register - shift registers, shift register counters.  Memory/RAM: Random-Access Memories (RAMs), Read-Only Memories (ROMs) Programmable ROMs - PROMs, EPROMs and EEPROMs, Flash memories,  Memory expansion and  applications.

Course Outcome

 At the end of this course, student should be able to:

CO1     identify correctly all the differences between analogue and digital signals and their respective advantages and disadvantages

CO2     manipulate number systems used in digital system.

CO3     describe the operation of all the basic gates

CO4     manipulate Boolean Algebra and simplify Boolean functions using Karnaugh Map for up to 4 variables

CO5     differentiate the operation of various MSI circuits and its application in digital system design.

CO6     analyze counter and register circuits and design synchronous counters.

CO7     compare and differentiate the various types of memories.

CO8     work in a team and communicate effectively.

.

Mapping of CO to P01-P10, Emphasis and Assessment Method

  

	PO1	PO2	PO3	PO4	PO5	PO6	PO7	PO8	PO9	P10
CO1	3,a,
CO2	2,a,b	2,a,b	2,a,b		3,a,b
CO3	1,a,b	1,a,b	1,a,b	2,c
CO4	1,a,b	1,a,b	1,a,b		2,a,b
CO5	1,a,b	1,a,b	1,a,b	2,c	2,a,b
CO6	1,a,b	1,a,b	1,a,b	2,c	2,a,b
CO7	1,a,b	1,a,b	2,a,b		2,a,b
CO8						2,b,c	2,b,c	3,b,c

           

1=strong emphasis, 2=medium emphasis, 3=low emphasis

a=examinations, tests, quizzes; b=assignment, report; c=presentation, laboratory, seminar; d=thesis; e=site visit.

 

 Evaluation

Test 1        and or Assignment 1    / Quizes                                               15%

Test 2        and or Assignment 2    / Quizes                                               15%

Test 3        and or Assignment 3    / Quizes                                               15%

Projects                                                                                                       15% 

Final exam                                                                                                   40%

 

Total                                                                                                            100%

  

Contents

1. Introduction: Differences of analogue and digital system. Advantages and disadvantages of  both systems.                                                 

 [1 hour]       

2. Number Systems: Decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal number systems. Conversions     between number systems. Binary codes - BCD 8421, Gray, ASCII and ECBDIC. Representation of negative numbers - sign and magnitude, 1’s complement and 2’s    complement. Arithmetic operations using 2’s complement representation.                 

[5 hours]

3. Logic Gates : Basic gates – NOT, Buffer, OR, AND, NAND, NOR, Exclusive-OR and Exclusive NOR. Gate symbols, truth tables and Boolean operations, universal gates. Boolean algebra - Boolean's and De Morgan's Theorems. Minterm, maxterm, canonical (standard) SOP and POS and simplified representations of Boolean functions. Conversion of AND-OR circuits to NAND-NAND and OR-AND to NOR-NOR. De Morgan  equivalent circuits.

 [5 hours]

4. Digital Logic Families: Characteristics of digital integrated circuits - fan-out, propagation delay, noise margin, power dissipation and packaging density. Implementation technologies - TTL, CMOS, ECL.            

 [3 hours] 

5. Combinational Logic Circuit Design:  Simplification of Boolean functions using     Karnaugh map technique for 2 to 4 variables. Combinational logic design.

 [5 hours]

6. MSI Circuits: Multiplexers, multiplexer expansion, 74x153 and 74x151 devices.     Demultiplexer and decoders, decoder expansion, 74x138 and 74x139 devices. Encoder,   priority encoder, 74x147 device. BCD-to-7-segment decoder, 74x247 device.    Implementation of logic functions using multiplexers and decoders. Adders - half-adder,       full-adder, ripple adder, 74x83 device. Comparators, 74x85 devices.            

      [7 hours]

7. Flip-flop: Differences between combinational and sequential circuits. SR latch, Gated SR latch, Gated D latch, JK flip-flop, D flip-flop, T flip-flop, JK master-slave flip-flop,   74x74 and 74x76 devices. Preset and clear functions.           

 [5 hours]

8. Counters and Shift Registers: Synchronous and asynchronous counters - ripple counter, design of a synchronous counter using D flip-flops, 74x293 and 74x163 devices. Register - shift registers (SISO, SIPO, PISO, PIPO), shift register counters (Johnson and Ring),  74x164, 74x165, 74x194, 74x195 devices.          

 [7 hours]

9.. Memory/RAM: Random-Access Memories (RAMs), Read-Only Memories (ROMs) ,Programmable ROMs - PROMs, EPROMs and EEPROMs, Flash memories,  2764, 2864       and 6264 memory devices. Memory expansion, applications.

[4 hours]

References

 

1.  Thomas L. Floyd, “Digital Fundamentals” 9^th Ed., Prentice-Hall, 2007

2.  Tocci & Widmer, “Digital Systems – Principles and Applications”, 10^th Ed., Prentice-Hall, 2007.

3.   M. Morris Mano, “Digital Design”, 4^th Ed. Prentice-Hall, 2007.